Renewable energy dictionary/S

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SACCHARIFICATION

(alc). A conversion process using ACIDS, BASES, or ENZYMES in which CARBOHYDRATES are broken down into FERMENTABLE SUGARS. (See also: FERMENTATION)

F - saccharification

S - sacarificacion

SAIL

(wind). A piece of cloth attached between each of the SPARS of a WINDMILL for the purpose of catching the wind. Also used to define windmill sails collectively.

F - aile

S - vela

SAIL BACK

(wind) (arc). A single SPAR that replaces the STOCK and WHIP in WINDMILLS that are fitted with iron crosses instead of POLL ENDS.

F - bras d'aile

S - barra del aspa

SAILCLOTH

(wind). Very strong cotton or canvas that may be used for SAILS on WINDMILLS.

F - toile a voile

S - lona

SAILWING WINDMILL

(wind). A WINDMILL that has a small number of cloth SAILS. Sailwing windmills are usually simple designs, and are most commonly used for water pumping.

F - moulin a volants

S - molino de viento con vela de lona

SALT

(chem). A product formed by the neutralization of an ACID by a BASE.

F - sel

S - sal

DIGESTER SYSTEM

(biocon). A BIOGAS system that combines METHANE production with facilities to dispose of human excreta. This also is an effective way to eliminate dangerous PATHOGENS.

F - systeme sanitaire/digesteur

S - sistema de saneamiento/digestor

SAVONIUS ROTOR

(wind). A WIND MACHINE with a VERTICAL AXIS, often made from split oil drums. It is a DRAG-TYPE device with relatively low EFFICIENCY, but with high starting TORQUE.

F - rotor de Savonius

S - rotor Savonius

SAWDUST STOVE

(biocon). A stove designed to use sawdust as its primary fuel.

F - poele a sciure de bois

S - estufa de aserrin

SCOOP WHEEL

(wind) (arc). A vertical, cast-iron wheel with wooden BLADES or scoops that lift water from one level to another. Scoop wheels usually are driven by WINDMILLS.

F - roue a godets

S - rueda de cangilones

SCRUBBING

(biocon). [1] Removing unwanted gases from BIOGAS or PRODUCER GAS. [2] The process of removing an undesirable, and usually corrosive, component or components from a COMBUSTIBLE GAS mixture. This is done by passing the mixture upwards and counter to a stream of liquid that is capable of selectively ADSORBING the undesirable components. Gases can also be scrubbed by passing them through iron filings.

F - epuration

S - proceso de lavado

SCUM

(biocon). In BIOGAS DIGESTION, a mixture of coarse, fibrous material floating on the surface of the SLURRY. The accumulation of scum may inhibit METHANE production.

F - ecume

S - nata espumosa

SCUM CONTROL DEVICE

(biocon) (impl). A mechanism, usually some type of STIRRING device, that is used to break up the layer of SCUM that rises to the surface in a BIOGAS DIGESTER.

F - dispositif pour le controle de l'ecume

S - aparato controlador de la nata

SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

(gen). The law stating that ENERGY FLOWS from a higher CONCENTRATION to a lower concentration.

F - seconde loi de la thermodynamique

S - segunda ley termodinamica

SEED

(biocon). (See: INOCULUM)

F - germe

S - semilla

SELECTIVE SURFACE

(sol). A specially adapted surface coating for a COLLECTOR that has high SOLAR RADIATION ABSORPTANCE and low THERMAL EMITTANCE. It is used on the surface of ABSORBER PLATES to increase collector EFFICIENCY.

F - vitrage selectif

S - superficie selectiva

SELF-SUPPORTING TOWER

(wind). A TOWER, usually made of steel, which supports a WINDMILL without the use of GUY WIRES.

F - pylone autoporteur

S - torre autoportante

SENSIBLE HEAT

(heat). That heat, which, when added or subtracted, results only in a temperature change (as opposed to a chemical or other reaction).

F - chaleur sensible

S - calefaccion termosensible

SENSIBLE HEAT STORAGE

(heat). A heat storage medium in which the addition or removal of heat results only in a temperature change (as opposed to a chemical or other reaction). The storage medium often consists of water or gravel.

F - stockage de chaleur sensible

S - almacenaje termosensible

SHADING COEFFICIENT

(sol) (meas). A method for determining reductions in solar HEAT GAIN caused by certain kinds of GLAZING. It is determined by dividing the solar heat gain through a sheet of glazing under specific conditions by the solar gain through a single-color DOUBLE-GLAZING under the same conditions. The lower the number, the greater the reduction in solar heat gain.

F - coefficient de vitrage

S - coeficiente de sombra

SHEAR

(wind). Variations in horizontal WIND SPEED due to the distance of the wind from the ground. The higher the wind is above the ground, the faster it moves because of the reduced friction.

F - cisaillement

S - gradiente transversal de la velocidad del viento

SHOT CURB

(wind) (arc). (See: LIVE CURB)

F - chemin de roulement

S - reborde movil

SHROUD

(wind) (arc) (hydr). [1] A structure used to concentrate or deflect a stream of wind. [2] A deep rim partially enclosing the BUCKETS in OVERSHOT WATER WHEELS or BREAST WHEELS.

F - [1] carenage; [2] bache

S - refuerzo

SHROUDED WINDMILL

(wind) (arc). A WINDMILL with a funnel-like structure around the outside edge of the SWEPT AREA that forces wind from a larger area to pass through the BLADES.

F - eolienne carenee

S - molino de viento reforzado

SHUTTERS

(wind) (arc). Pivoting slats that are used instead of SAILCLOTH in SPRING SAILS and PATENT SAILS.

F - volets

S - hojas basculantes

SIEVE PLATE

(alc). A component of an ALCOHOL STILL COLUMN. It is one of a series of perforated plates that is used to promote the contact of liquid with vapor in the column.

F - plateau perfore

S - placa perforada

SILICON SOLAR CELL

(sol). A SOLAR CELL made with the crystalline element SILICON as part of its conductor.

F - cellule solaire a la silicone

S - celula solar de silicio

SILVICULTURAL BIOMASS

(biocon). BIOMASS from trees.

F - biomasse de sylviculture

S - biomasa de silvicultura

SINGLE-AXIS TRACKING COLLECTOR

(sol). A SOLAR COLLECTOR that follows the path of the sun on only one AXIS.

F - capteur a poursuite du soleil autour d'un seul axe

S - colector de seguimiento monoaxial

SINGLE SHUTTERED

(wind) (arc). A SAIL having SHUTTERS on only one side of the WHIP.

F - a obturation simple

S - aspa de monohoja

SITE SELECTION

(gen). The process of locating the best available site to build or place a WlND MACHINE, HYDROPOWER device, or SOLAR POWER device.

F - choix du site

S - seleccion del emplazamiento

SKY DOME

(sol). The sky above the horizon in all directions, as seen from a particular area.

F - dome du ciel

S - domo aereo

SKYLIGHT

(sol). A roof opening that is covered with GLAZING and that allows sunlight to enter a house or room.

F - lucarne

S - tragaluz

SKYSCRAPERS

(wind) (arc). (See: AIR BRAKES)

F - freins a vent

S - rascacielos

SLOPE

(hydr) (meas). A CHANNEL FLOW calculation equal to the number of feet a surface "drops" or inclines downward per 1,000 feet of horizontal distance; also expressed in meters of drop per kilometer.

F - pente

S - pendiente

SLUDGE

(biocon). Solid material that collects at the bottom of a DIGESTER.

F - boues

S - sedimentos

SLUDGE GAS

(biocon). An alternative name used for BIOGAS, particularly when the gas is produced by sewage.

F - gaz de vidange

S - gas de lodo

SLUICE

(hydr). A manmade CHANNEL or waterway to conduct water to a HYDROPOWER device. It generally has one or more adjustable gates to regulate the FLOW of water.

F - canal a vannes

S - esclusa

SLUICEWAY

(hydr). (See: SLUICE)

F - chenal d'ecluse

S - saetin

SLURRY

(biocon). The semisolid material in a BIOGAS DIGESTER consisting of BIOMASS mixed with water.

F - boue

S - fango

SMOCK MILL

(wind) (arc). The timber-framed counterpart to the TOWER MILL. The smock mill frame generally is covered with boarding to protect it from the weather.

F - moulin a calotte pivotante

S - molino a la holandesa

SMOKE CHAMBER

(heat). The section in a fireplace FLUE that is directly above the DAMPER.

F - conduite de fumee

S - camara de humo

SODIUM CARBONATE

(biocon). A BASE used to control pH (POTENTIAL HYDROGEN). It is useful in maintaining the pH balance in a BIOGAS DIGESTER, and to a somewhat lesser degree in ALCOHOL STILLS.

F - carbonate de sodium

S - carbonato de sodio

SOLAR ABSORBER

(sol). A sheet of material, usually copper, aluminum, or steel that forms the surface of a SOLAR COLLECTOR. It collects and retains SOLAR RADIATION, which is passed to a HEAT TRANSFER MEDIUM.

F - absorbeur solaire

S - absorbente solar

SOLAR ABSORPTION

(sol). The absorption of SOLAR RADIATION by a material.

F - absorption solaire

S - absorcion solar

SOLAR ALTITUDE

(sol). The sun's angle above the horizon, as measured in a vertical plane.

F- hauteur du soleil

S- altura solar

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

(sol). (See: PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN)

F - architecture solaire

S - arquitectura solar

SOLAR ARRAY

(sol). A group of SOLAR COLLECTORS or PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES.

F - panneau solaire

S - conjunto solar

SOLAR AZIMUTH

(sol). The horizontal angle between the sun and due south in the northern hemisphere, or between the sun and due north in the southern hemisphere. (Syn: bearing angle)

F - azimut du soleil

S - azimut solar

SOLAR BATTERY

(sol). A BATTERY that is charged through PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS.

F - pile solaire

S - bateria solar

SOLAR CABINET DRYER

(sol). (See: SOLAR CROP DRYER)

F - chambre de sechage solaire

S - secador solar de gabinete

SOLAR CELL

(sol). (See: PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL)

F - cellule solaire

S - celula solar

SOLAR COATING

(sol). FLAT BLACK PAINT or some other ABSORPTIVE substance that is applied to the ABSORBER PLATE of a SOLAR COLLECTOR to help it absorb, rather than reflect, sunlight.

F - couche antireflet

S - revestimiento solar

SOLAR COLLECTOR

(sol). A device that gathers and accumulates SOLAR RADIATION to produce heat. Nearly all solar collectors have a layer of GLAZING on top to trap heat that has passed into the collector. Beneath the glazing is a solar ABSORBER PLATE, which transfers heat to a HEAT TRANSFER MEDIUM. The medium may be air, water, an antifreeze solution, or other substance(s).

F - capteur solaire

S - colector de radiacion solar

SOLAR COLLECTOR CONNECTIONS

(sol). Inlets and outlets leading to and from SOLAR COLLECTORS and connecting the collectors with related apparatus. In the case of water tanks that run water through collectors, there will be an outlet near the bottom of the tank and an inlet near the top of the tank. Likewise, there will be an inlet near the bottom of the collector and an outlet near the top of the collector.

F - raccordements pour capteurs

S - conexiones del colector solar

SOLAR COLLECTOR EFFICIENCY

(sol) (meas). The total SOLAR RADIATION that is incident on a COLLECTOR during a specific time period.

F - rendement radiatif

S - rendimiento del colector solar

SOLAR CONCENTRATOR

(sol). The part of a SOLAR COLLECTOR that focuses sunlight onto an ABSORBER surface.

F - concentrateur solaire

S - concentrador solar

SOLAR COOKER

(sol). A general term for the many types of SOLAR-POWERED cooking devices.

F - cuiseur solaire

S - cocina por calor solar

SOLAR COOLING

(sol). A SOLAR SYSTEM used to lower the temperature in a room or a device.

F - refroidissement solaire

S - enfriamiento solar

SOLAR CROP DRYER

(sol). An apparatus that uses SOLAR RADIATION to dry rice, grain, fruit, vegetables, or other foods.

F - sechoir solaire pour recoltes

S - secador solar para alimentos

SOLAR CROP DRYER

(sol). An apparatus that uses SOLAR RADIATION to dry rice, grain, fruit, vegetables, or other foods.

F - sechoir solaire pour recoltes

S - secador solar para alimentos

SOLAR DECLINATION

(sol). The angle of the sun north or south of the equatorial plane. It is plus if north of the plane, and minus if south of the plane.

F - declinaison solaire

S - declinacion solar

SOLAR DISH

(sol). (See: PARABOLIC DISH)

F - miroir solaire

S - reflector parabolico

SOLAR DISTILLATE

(sol). The product resulting from SOLAR DISTILLATION.

F - distillat solaire

S - destilado solar

SOLAR DISTILLATION

(sol). A process in which SOLAR ENERGY is trapped and used to evaporate impure or salty water. The water vapor CONDENSES as distilled water that can be used for drinking or for other uses.

F - distillation solaire

S - destilacion solar

SOLAR DRYER

(sol). Any device that uses SOLAR RADIATION to remove moisture from a substance. (See also: SOLAR CROP DRYER)

F - sechoir solaire

S - secador solar

SOLAR DRYING

(sol). (See: SOLAR DRYER)

F - sechage par energie solaire

S - secado por energia solar

SOLAR ELECTRICITY

(sol). Electricity that is produced from SOLAR ENERGY sources. (See also: PHOTOVOLTAIC PROCESS; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL)

F - electricite solaire

S - electricidad solar

SOLAR ENERGY

(sol). The electromagnetic RADIATION generated by the sun. Solar energy may be converted to useful forms of ENERGY through the PHOTOVOLTAIC PROCESS, THERMAL CONVERSION, or through high temperature concentrators and COLLECTORS. Solar energy initially is usually captured in the form of heat, and is therefore best used for a variety of heating purposes. This may be done through the use of SOLAR COLLECTORS and SOLAR COOKERS. SOLAR RADIATION may also be converted directly into electrical energy through the use of PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS.

F - energie solaire

S - energia solar

SOLAR EYEBALL

(sol). A type of SOLAR CONCENTRATING COLLECTOR that uses a FRESNEL LENS to focus SOLAR RADIATION on a PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL.

F - bulbe solaire

S - foco solar

SOLAR FURNACE

(sol). A SOLAR CONCENTRATOR used to produce very high temperatures. Also a solar device used to obtain high temperatures by focusing the sun's rays onto a small receiver.

F - four solaire

S - horno solar

SOLAR GAIN

(sol). The part of a building's heat supply, or an additional load for cooling, that is provided by SOLAR RADIATION that strikes the building or passes into it through windows.

F - apport solaire

S - ganancia por la energia solar

SOLAR GRAIN DRYER

(sol). (See: SOLAR CROP DRYER)

F - sechoir solaire pour cereales

S - secador solar de granos

SOLAR GREENHOUSE

(sol). Specific greenhouse designs that take into account basic principles of PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING. Increasingly, solar greenhouses are being attached to dwellings. Excess heat from the greenhouse passes into the dwelling through air CONVECTION and THERMAL CONDUCTANCE from a mutual wall.

F - serre solaire

S - invernadero solar

SOLAR HEATING

(sol). The use of a SOLAR SYSTEM to raise the temperature in a room or a device.

F - chauffage solaire

S - calefaccion solar

SOLAR IRRADIANCE

(sol). The total amount of SOLAR RADIATION striking a given area.

F - irradiation solaire

S - irradiancia solar

SOLAR OVEN

(sol). An oven that relies on SOLAR RADIATION as its source of ENERGY.

F - four solaire

S - horno solar

SOLAR POND

(sol). A shallow body of salt water with a black or dark bottom. When incident SOLAR RADIATION penetrates the water, some of it is absorbed by the water. However, a large proportion of the radiation reaches the bottom of the pond. There it is absorbed, heating the bottom surface. The bottom surface in turn heats the water next to it, which then can be used as an ENERGY source through the use of HEAT EXCHANGERS. The pond's salinity should increase with its depth.

F - bassin solaire

S - charca solar

SOLAR POSITION

(sol). The location of the sun in the sky during the EQUINOXES, based on the latitude of the observer. Solar position is determined by the value of the SOLAR ALTITUDE and the SOLAR AZIMUTH.

F - position du soleil

S - posicion solar

SOLAR POWER

(sol). The rate at which SOLAR ENERGY falls on an area. The area is usually given in terms of the whole Earth.

F - puissance solaire

S - potencia solar

SOLAR PUMP

(sol). A pump that operates on SOLAR ENERGY, either by a PHOTOVOLTAIC process or by a thermal system in which a FLUID heated by the sun drives a TURBINE or piston that powers the pump.

F - pompe solaire

S - bomba solar

SOLAR RADIATION

(sol). RADIANT ENERGY received from the sun, from both direct exposure and diffuse or reflected sunlight.

F - rayonnement solaire

S - radiacion solar

SOLAR REFLECTOR

(sol). A device that reflects SOLAR RADIATION.

F - reflecteur solaire

S - reflector solar

SOLAR REFRIGERATION

(sol). A process in which SOLAR RADIATION is used to provide HEAT ENERGY to activate a cooling process.

F - refrigeration solaire

S - refrigeracion solar

SOLAR SALT

(sol). SALT obtained by SOLAR DISTILLATION of salt water.

F - sel solaire

S - sal solar

SOLAR SHOWER

(sol). A shower bath that uses a SOLAR WATER HEATER to provide hot water.

F - douche solaire

S - ducha solar

SOLAR SITE SELECTOR

(sol) (meas). A circular transparency, similar to a map, that is used to determine solar positions and calculate shading.

F - dispositif de selection de l'emplacement solaire

S - selector del emplazamiento solar

SOLAR SPACE HEATER

(sol). A SOLAR HEATING system that heats FLUID on a black metal surface that is under GLAZING. The heated fluid may be circulated during the day and stored at night.

F - appareil de chauffage solaire individuel

S - calentador espacial solar

SOLAR SPECTRUM

(sol). The total distribution of electromagnetic RADIATION emitted from the sun. It is usually listed minus those wavelengths that are absorbed by the atmosphere. On Earth, this amounts to about 420 trillion KILOWATT HOURS of SOLAR POWER annually.

F - spectre solaire

S - espectro solar

SOLAR STEAM COOKER

(sol). (See: INSULATED STEAM COOKER)

F - autoclave solaire

S - horno de vapor solar

SOLAR STILL

(sol). A device used for SOLAR DISTILLATION.

F - alambic solaire

S - alambique solar

SOLAR SYSTEM

(sol). Any heating, cooling, or POWER system that uses ENERGY generated by the sun.

F - systeme solaire

S - sistema solar

SOLAR WATER HEATER

(sol). A water heater that depends on RADIANT ENERGY from the sun as its source of power.

F - chauffage-eau solaire

S - calentador de agua solar

SOLIDITY

(wind) (meas). The ratio of the BLADE surface area to the SWEPT AREA of a ROTOR.

F - coefficient de solidite

S - solidez

SOLIDS RETENTION TIME

(biocon) (meas). (See: DETENTION TIME)

F - temps de retention des solides

S - periodo de retencion de los solidos

SOLID WASTE

(biocon). Waste material in a solid state, such as is found in households, commercial activities, municipal plants, etc. Many solid wastes are useful in BIOCONVERSION processes.

F - dechets solides

S - desperdicios solidos

SOLUBILIZATION

(biocon). The first of three stages in the ANAEROBIC DIGESTION of ORGANIC MATTER, in which the complex proteins, CARBOHYDRATES, CELLULOSE, fats, and oils are dissolved by ENZYMES. This HYDROLYSIS transforms the complex compounds into simple amino ACIDS, simple sugars, fatty acids, and glycerol. The simple compounds are rendered into a form that is dissolved easily and can pass through the cell walls of the acid-forming BACTERIA to be FERMENTED.

F - solubilisation

S - solubilizacion

SPARK ARRESTER

(impl). Screening, steel wool, or other porous substance(s) that is placed in the distribution pipes from a BIOGAS DIGESTER or PRODUCER GAS GENERATOR. They prevent a spark or flame from passing back up the pipe and causing an explosion.

F - pare-etincelle

S - parachispas

SPARS

(wind). The frames extending from the WIND SHAFT of a WIND MACHINE to support the SAILS.

F - bras [1]

S - [1] largueros; [2] varillaje

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

(gen). The ratio of the weight of a given volume of a substance to an equal volume of air or water at a given temperature and pressure. The specific gravity, which may be measured by a HYDROMETER, indicates the CONCENTRATION of a substance in a solution. (See also: PROOF).

F - densite

S - gravedad especifica

SPECIFIC SPEED

(hydr) (meas). The speed at which a given type of RUNNER in a TURBINE would operate if it were reduced proportionately in size to produce one HORSE-POWER under a one-foot (30.48 centimeter) HEAD. This speed or velocity is expressed in revolutions per minute. It is used to determine the proper type of turbine to install at a HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT under given conditions.

F - vitesse specifique

S - velocidad especifica

SPENT MASH

(alc). The semisolid MASH, without the ALCOHOL, following FERMENTATION and DISTILLATION.

F - residu de distillation

S - vinazas

SPENT SLURRY

(biocon). (See: EFFLUENT)

F - boue epuisee

S - fango usado

SPILLWAY

(hydr). A passage over or around a CHANNEL or DAM through which excess water may escape.

F - deversoir

S - vertedero

SPILLWAY APRON

(hydr). (See: SPILLWAY)

F - chenal du deversoir

S - paramento del vertedero

SPILLWAY CHANNEL

(hydr). (See: SPILLWAY)

F - canal du deversoir

S - canal vertedor

SPRING SAIL

(wind) (arc). A WINDMILL BLADE fitted with SHUTTERS that are controlled by springs.

F - aile a ressorts

S - aspa de resorte

SQUARE WAVE

(wind). A type of ALTERNATING CURRENT (ac), produced by low-cost, solid-state INVERTERS, which may be used for most, but not all, ac appliances.

F - onde rectangulaire

S - onda cuadrada

S-ROTOR

(wind). see: SAVONIUS ROTOR)

F - rotor de Savonius

S - rotor S

STACK

(constr). A CHIMNEY or other passageway designed to vent smoke from a stove, oven, furnace, etc.

F - corps de cheminee

S - canon

STACK EFFECT

(heat). The impulse of a heated gas to rise through a vertical passage, such as a CHIMNEY.

F - effet de cheminee

S - efecto de humero

STACK GAS

(heat). Gases resulting from combustion, which pass up a CHIMNEY.

F - gaz de cheminee

S - gases de la chimenea

STAGNATION

(sol). The condition that may be reached in a SOLAR COLLECTOR when the sun is shining on the device and no FLUID is flowing through it. The resulting high temperatures may damage the COLLECTOR.

F - stagnation

S - estancacion

STARCH

(alc) (chem). A white, tasteless, solid CARBOHYDRATE ([C.sub.6][H.sub.10][O.sub.5]). Starch is a major component of many agricultural crops, such as potatoes, grains, etc., that are used to produce GLUCOSE.

F - amidon

S - almidon

START-UP

(biocon). The process of adding INOCULUM to a BIOGAS DIGESTER so that the digester will begin to function.

F - mise en marche

S - puesta en marcha

START-UP SPEED

(wind) (meas). The WIND VELOCITY at which a WIND MACHINE begins to rotate.

F - vitesse de mise en marche

S - velocidad de puesta en marcha

STATIC HEAD

(hydr). The vertical height from the surface of a body of water to the water outlet of the DISCHARGE PIPE of a TURBINE.

F - hauteur d'elevation

S - altura de elevacion

STATIONARY PEDAL POWER UNIT

(gen). (See: PEDAL POWER)

F - appareil stationnaire d'entrainement par pedales

S - unidad de rendimiento del pedal inmovil

STEAM ENGINE

(geo) (auto). An engine in which the mechanical force of steam is used as a motive POWER to drive machinery, etc.

F - moteur A vapeur

S - motor de vapor de agua

STEAM GAS

(geo). Superheated steam that is used as an ENERGY source. Steam gas is usually obtained from GEOTHERMAL sources.

F - vapeur surchauffee

S - gas de agua

STEAM TURBINE

(gen) (geo). A TURBINE that is driven by expanding steam or gas rather then by the velocity or weight of water.

F - turbine a vapeur

S - turbina de vapor

STILL

(gen) (alc). [1] An apparatus for DISTILLATION that consists primarily of a closed vessel in which the solution to be distilled is heated. It also includes mechanisms to condense the vapor that is produced. [2] An ALCOHOL distillation unit that consists of a container to heat MASH, a DISTILLATION COLUMN to separate the water from the alcohol, and a CONDENSER to convert ALCOHOL VAPORS into liquid.

F - alambic

S - alambique

STILLAGE

(alc). A mixture of non-FERMENTABLE SOLID WASTES and water that remains in a STILL after the ALCOHOL is removed by DISTILLATION. Stillage may be used as an animal feed.

F - residus de distillation non-fermentable

S - residuos

STILL CAP

(alc). (See: BUBBLE CAP)

F - calotte de barbotage

S - casquete de alambique

STILL COLUMN

(alc) (impl). A component of an ALCOHOL STILL that is used to separate ALCOHOL from the MASH and water. The still column consists of SIEVE PLATES, BUBBLE CAPS, and a DOWNCOMER.

F - colonne de distillation

S - columna de alambique

STIRLING ENGINE

(auto). An external combustion engine in which air is alternately heated and cooled to drive a piston up and down. Hydrogen is used instead of air in some newer models. The Stirling engine may in some cases be nonpolluting and more efficient than the internal combustion engine.

F - moteur de Stirling

S - motor Stirling

STIRRING

(biocon). Agitating or mixing the SLURRY in a BIOGAS DIGESTER. Stirring helps prevent SCUM buildup and promotes METHANE production.

F - vaguage

S - agitacion

STOCK

(wind) (arc). [1] A bar that is used to support a WINDMILL SAIL. [2] A tapered SPAR that passes through the POLL END of a windmill, supporting a pair of sails. (Syn: sailstock)

F - fut

S - barra

STORAGE

(gen). (See: ENERGY STORAGE)

F - stockage

S - almacenado

STORAGE CAPACITY

(gen). The total amount of ENERGY that a system is capable of holding for use at a later time. (See also: ENERGY STORAGE)

F - capacite de stockage

S - capacidad de almacenado

STRATIFICATION

(sol). In SOLAR HEATING, temperature variations that occur in a substance or an area. The highest temperatures are found higher up and cooler temperatures are found lower down.

F - stratification

S - estratificacion

STRIKING GEAR

(wind) (arc). The mechanism used with PATENT SAILS to apply pressure to SHUTTERS. It consists of a striking rod that passes through the length of the WIND SHAFT. The rod is operated by an endless chain upon which weights are hung. The number of weights is determined by the force of the wind.

F - embrayage

S - engranaje de contacto

STRIPPING COLUMN

(alc). The section of the STILL COLUMN in which the ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION in the DISTILLATE is increased and the starting solution is decreased. (Syn: beer column)

F - colonne a desessencier

S - columna de destilacion

SUBMERGED WEIR

(hydr). An underwater obstruction that diverts water into a CHANNEL.

F - barrage immerge

S - vertedero sumergido

SUBSTRATE

(bio) (biocon). [1] The particular FEEDSTOCK component that is used by bacteria to promote their growth and metabolism. The component often is one particular compound. [2] ORGANIC MATTER that is used to generate METHANE in a BIOGAS DIGESTER. (See: SLURRY)

F - substrat

S - subestrato

SUCROSE

(alc) (chem). A FERMENTABLE SUGAR ([C.sub.12][H.sub.22][O.sub.11]) that is commonly found in nature.

F - sucrose

S - sucrosa

SUCTION ANEMOMETER

(wind) (meas). A device that measures WIND VELOCITY according to the degree of exhaust caused when the wind is blown through or across a tube.

F - anemometre a aspiration

S - anemometro de succion

SULFURIC ACID

(alc) (chem). A strong ACID that is used to increase the acidity, and thus lower the pH (POTENTIAL HYDROGEN), in an ALCOHOL STILL.

F - acide sulfurique

S - acido sulfurico

SUN ANGLE CALCULATOR

(sol) (meas). A set of transparent curves and overlays that tells where the sun is in the sky and that gives other SOLAR ALTITUDES. (See: SOLAR SITE SELECTOR)

F - calculateur d'angle solaire

S - calculador del angulo solar

SUN BASKET

(sol). A SOLAR COOKER in the shape of a deep PARABOLA. This cooker may be a woven basket lined with a reflective material.

F - panier solaire

S - cesto solar

SUN EFFECT

(sol) (meas). The amount of heat from the sun that tends to heat an enclosed space.

F - effet solaire

S - efecto solar

SUN-TEMPERING

(sol). A heating system that involves a significant daytime SOLAR GAIN and an effective distribution system, but which generally lacks a STORAGE function.

F - dispositif de repartition de l'energie solaire

S - atemperacion solar

SUN-TRACKING DEVICE

(sol) (impl). A device attached to a SOLAR COLLECTOR that automatically turns the face of the collector towards the sun.

F - dispositif de poursuite du soleil

S - dispositivo de seguimiento solar

SUPERNATANT

(biocon). The liquid portion of the SLURRY that floats above the SLUDGE in a BIOGAS DIGESTER.

F - fraction surnageante

S - sobrenatatil

SWASH PLATE

(wind). A disk set obliquely on a rotating AXIS. It acts as a CAM to convert rotational movement into up-and-down movement.

F - plateau oscillant

S - plato oscilante

SWEEP

(wind) (arc). (See: SAIL)

F - balayage

S - barrer

SWEPT AREA

(wind) (meas). The area in a plane that is perpendicular to the wind through which a WINDMILL's BLADES pass. The area is defined by the circumference of the circle formed by the rotating blades, and is one factor in determining the amount of WIND POWER available from the wind.

F - zone balayee

S - area barrida

SWING POT

(wind) (arc). A pivoting bearing that is sometimes used to support the WIND SHAFT of a WINDMILL.

F - palier pivotant

S - cojinete pivotante

SWORD POINT

(wind) (arc). The amount that a SAILCLOTH is rolled up or REEFED to reduce its exposure to the wind. This term refers to the pointed end on a reefed SAIL. (See also: REEFING)

F - prise de ris

S - punto de recogida

SYNCHRONOUS INVERTER

(elec) (wind). An electronic device that can be used with a WIND GENERATOR, to convert DIRECT CURRENT (dc) to ALTERNATING CURRENT (ac), but which must be powered by another ac source.

F - inverseur synchrone

S - convertidor sincronico