J[edit | edit source]
JACKET
(prod) (impl). An enclosure around a PRODUCER GAS GENERATOR through which cooling liquid flows. (See also: WATER JACKET)
- F - chemise d'eau
- S - cubierta
JET
(auto) (hydro). A nozzle of a specific size that limits the FLOW of water to a TURBINE or the flow of fuel in a CARBURETOR.
- F - gicleur
- S - lanza
JET STREAM
(wind). Strong winds concentrated in a relatively narrow, shallow stream in the upper troposphere.
- F - jet-stream
- S - manga de aire
JIB SAILS
(wind) (arc). Triangular COMMON SAILS, set on radiating SPARS.
- F - clinfoc
- S - aspas triangulares
JOULE
(meas). A unit of ENERGY or work equal to one WATT per second or 0.737 foot pounds.
- F- Joule
- S- Joule
S LAW
(gen) (heat). The law stating that: [1] The rate at which heat is produced by a steady current in any part of an electric circuit is jointly proportional to the resistance and to the square of the current. [2] The internal ENERGY of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature regardless of volume and pressure.
- F - loi de Joule
- S - ley de Joule
JUMPER
(elec). A length of wire, usually with clips on each end, for making temporary electrical connections.
- F - fil volant
- S - puente
K[edit | edit source]
KAPLAN TURBINE
(hydr). A propeller-type of WATER TURBINE with variable pitch BLADES that adjust automatically in accordance with the HEAD.
- F - turbine de Kaplan
- S - turbina Kaplan
KENAF
(biocon). An annual East Indian plant, which may be used effectively in BIOGAS production.
- F - kenaf
- S - hibiscus cannabinus
KILN
(heat). A high temperature oven, furnace, or heated enclosure used to process a substance by burning, firing, or drying. Kilns often are described by the direction that air passes through them (i.e., UPDRAFT or DOWNDRAFT).
- F - four
- S - horno
KILOWATT
(elec). A unit of POWER equal to 1,000 WATTS or to ENERGY consumption at a rate of 1,000 JOULES per second. It is usually used as a measure of electrical energy. Commonly abbreviated as kW.
- F - kilowatt
- S - kilovatios
KILOWATT HOUR
(elec) (meas). A unit of POWER consumption equal to the amount of power multiplied by the amount of time the power is used. A 100-watt light bulb burning for 10 hours uses one kilowatt-hour of power.
- F - kilowattheure
- S - kilovatio-hora
KINETIC ENERGY
(gen). The ENERGY that a body possesses by virtue of its motion.
- F - energie cinetique
- S - energia cinetica
KNOT
(wind). A measure of WIND SPEED equal to one nautical mile per hour. One knot equals 1.15 miles per hour.
- F - noeud
- S - nudo
L[edit | edit source]
LANGLEY
(sol) (meas). A unit of SOLAR RADIATION intensity, equal to 1.0 gram CALORIE per square centimeter.
- F - langley
- S - langley
LATITUDE
(gen) (meas). An angular position north or south of the equator, measured in degrees along a meridian of a point.
- F - latitude
- S - latitud
LEADING EDGE
(wind). The vertical edge of a WINDMILL BLADE that lies on the side towards which the blade moves. The opposite edge is called the TRAILING EDGE.
- F - arete avant
- S - borde anterior
LIFE-CYCLE COSTING
(gen) (meas). A method for estimating the comparative costs of ALTERNATIVE ENERGY or other systems. Life-cycle costing takes into consideration such long-term costs as ENERGY consumption, maintenance, and repair.
- F - evaluation du cycle de vie
- S - calculo del coste de la vida util
LIFT
(wind). The aerodynamic force that "pulls" the BLADES of a WINDMILL and causes them to rotate.
- F - portance
- S - impulsion
LIFT COEFFICIENT
(wind) (meas). The ratio of LIFT forces to FLOW forces.
- F - coefficient de portance
- S - coeficiente de impulsion
LIFT-TYPE DEVICES
(wind). WIND MACHINES that provide aerodynamic LIFT in a wind stream.
- F - eoliennes a portance
- S - aparatos impulsores
LIME
(chem). A white powder composed of calcium oxide that forms a highly ALKALINE solution when mixed with water. It is used in various ways, including as a means to increase the pH (POTENTIAL HYDROGEN) of MASH in ALCOHOL STILLS or BIOGAS DIGESTERS.
- F - chaux
- S - cal
LIME KILN
(chem). A KILN used to make LIME from coral or limestone.
- F - four a chaux
- S - horno de cal
LIMEWATER
(biocon) (chem). A CALCIUM HYDROXIDE solution often used as a gas SCRUBBER.
- F - eau de chaux
- S - agua de cal
LINED FIREBOX
(gen). A firebox fitted with special insulating material.
- F - chambre de combustion garnie
- S - caja de fuego revestida
LIQUID-BASED SOLAR HEATING SYSTEM
(sol). A SOLAR HEATING system in which a liquid HEAT TRANSFER MEDIUM is heated in SOLAR COLLECTORS. The liquid generally is either water or an antifreeze solution.
- F - chauffage solaire a liquide, systeme de
- S - sistema de energia solar a base de liquidos
LIQUID SLURRY
(biocon). SLURRY comprising less than 10 percent solid material.
- F - boue liquide
- S - fango liquido
LIQUID-TYPE COLLECTOR
(sol). (See: LIQUID-BASED SOLAR HEATING SYSTEM)
- F - capteur a liquide
- S - colector de tipo liquido
LIVE CURB
(wind) (arc). The circular timber rim or wall plate supporting a WINDMILL CAP that revolves on ROLLERS or WHEELS.
- F - chemin de roulement
- S - soporte movil
LOAD
(elec) (meas). The output of one or several electric machines or transformers. Load also denotes the POWER carried by a particular circuit.
- F - charge
- S - carga
LOADING RATE
(biocon) (meas). The amount of BIOMASS added to a DIGESTER over a specific period of time.
- F - taux de charge
- S - velocidad de carga
LOLLY AXIS
(wind). (See: YAW AXIS)
- F - axe de lacet
- S - eje de relingar
LORENA STOVE
(biocon). An inexpensive, yet efficient, cook stove made of a sand, clay, and water mixture known as "lorena."
- F - cuisiniere lorena
- S - estufa lorena
LOW HEAD TURBINE
(hydr). A WATER TURBINE that is designed to function with a low HEAD.
- F - turbine pour chutes faibles
- S - turbina de poco desnivel
LUFF
(wind). To turn the BLADES of a WINDMILL into the wind so they will rotate.
- F - lofer
- S - cenir el viento
M[edit | edit source]
MAGNESITE BRICK
(constr) (sol). A masonry brick to which magnesium or similar material has been added to darken the color of the brick and increase its THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY and ABSORPTANCE.
- F - brique a la magnesite
- S - ladrillo de magnesita
MAGNETO
(elec). A small, permanent-magnet, electric GENERATOR capable of producing periodic high voltage impulses.
- F - magneto
- S - magneto
MAGNOUS EFFECT
(wind). An effect whereby a spinning CYLINDER exposed to the wind produces a horizontal force. This effect has been used to enable experimental WIND MACHINES to POWER small boats.
- F - effet magnus
- S - efecto de fuerza horizontal
MALT
(alc). Sprouted grain that contains ENZYMES to convert STARCH to sugar. Special varieties of barley are frequently used to produce malt.
- F - malt
- S - malta
MANOMETER
(biocon) (meas). A device used to measure gas pressure. It may be used to monitor gas pressure in a BIOGAS DIGESTER.
- F - manometre
- S - manometro
MANTLE
(biocon) (impl). A cloth MEMBRANE in which gases are collected and burned to create light through incandescence.
- F - manchon a incandescence
- S - manteleta
MARSH GAS
(biocon). METHANE. Decaying ORGANIC MATTER at the bottom of a marsh or pond will produce bubbles of methane gas when stirred.
- F - gaz des marais
- S - gas de los pantanos
MASH
(alc). A mixture of water and crushed grains or other FEEDSTOCKS that can be FERMENTED to produce ETHANOL.
- F - mout
- S - mezcla
MASH COMPOSITION
(alc). The materials making up the MASH in an ALCOHOL STILL.
- F - composition du mout
- S - malta empastada
MASONITE
(constr). Trademark name for a thin board made of compressed wood fibers. It is useful as a backing for SOLAR REFLECTORS.
- F - masonite
- S - masonite
MAXIMUM FLOW RATE
(hydr) (meas). The maximum amount of water that can FLOW past a point during a given period of time. This measurement is used to evaluate the HYDROPOWER potential of a site.
- F - debit maximum
- S - velocidad maxima de flujo
MEADOW MILL
(hydr). A small, untended WATERMILL used for drainage.
- F - moulinet de campagne
- S - molino de pradera
MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE
(gen) (meas). The factor by which a machine multiplies any applied force.
- F - effet mecanique
- S - rendimiento mecanico
MECHANICAL TURBULENCE
(wind). Erratic air movement caused by such obstructions as trees or buildings.
- F - turbulence mecanique
- S - turbulencia mecanica
MEGAWATT
(elec) (meas). One million WATTS.
- F - megawatt
- S - megavatio
MEMBRANE
(alc). A sheet polymer or thin biological tissue capable of separating liquid solutions. Membranes are sometimes used in the ALCOHOL DISTILLATION process.
- F - membrane
- S - membrana
MERIDIONAL WIND
(wind). The wind or wind component along the local meridian.
- F - vent meridien
- S - viento meridional
MESOPHYLLIC BACTERIA
(biocon). BACTERIA that thrive best at temperatures of 70-104 [degrees] F (21-40 [degrees] C) and are useful in producing BIOGAS.
- F - bacteries mesophyliennes
- S - bacteria mesofilica
METHANATION
(biocon). A process of converting to METHANE the carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide present in synthetic gas.
- F - methanisation
- S - metanacion
METHANE
(biocon) (chem). An odorless, colorless gas (C[H.sub.4]), nearly insoluble in water, which burns with a pale, faintly luminous flame to produce water and carbon dioxide (or carbon monoxide if oxygen is deficient). (See also: MARSH GAS) (Syn: BIOGAS)
- F - methane
- S - metano
METHANE CONVERSION
(biocon). The production of METHANE through BIOCONVERSION.
- F - conversion du methane
- S - conversion de metano
METHANE DIGESTER
(biocon). A device that converts BIOMASS into METHANE and Fertilizer through biological activity. (See also: BIOGAS DIGESTER)
- F - digesteur au methane
- S - digestor de metano
METHANE GAS
(biocon) (chem). (See: METHANE)
- F - gaz de methane
- S - gas de metano
METHANE GENERATION
(biocon). (See: BIOGAS DIGESTER)
- F - production du methane
- S - produccion de metano
METHANE PLANT
(biocon). (See: BIOGAS DIGESTER; METHANE)
- F - generateur a methane
- S - instalacion de metano
METHANOGENIC BACTERIA
(bio) (biocon). BACTERIA that generate METHANE (i.e., those that are responsible for the "second step" of DIGESTION). (See also: ANAEROBIC DIGESTION)
- F - bacteries methanogenes
- S - bacteria metanogenica
METHANOL
(alc). A light, VOLATILE, flammable, poisonous liquid ALCOHOL (C[H.sub.3]OH) formed in the DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION of wood or made synthetically. METHANOL is used especially as a solvent, antifreeze, or DENATURANT for ETHANOL, and in the synthesis of other chemicals. It is also used increasingly as a fuel. (Syn: methyl alcohol or wood alcohol)
- F - methanol
- S - metanol
METHYL ALCOHOL
(alc). (See: METHANOL)
- F - alcool methylique
- S - alcohol metilico
MICROFLORA MICRO-ORGANISMS
(bio) (biocon). The microscopic organisms, chiefly BACTERIA in this context, that are responsible for ANAEROBIC DIGESTION.
- F - micro-organismes de la flore microbienne
- S - microorganismos de microflora
MICROHYDRO
(hydr). Small-scale, water-powered systems that may be used to produce mechanical POWER or less than 100 KILOWATTS of electricity. They commonly are used for homes, farms, or small industries.
- F - microcentrales hydrauliques
- S - microhidro
MILL
(gen) (hydr) (wind). A device to grind grain and cereals. Also used colloquially to describe a WINDMILL, WATER WHEEL, or WATER MILL.
- F - moulin
- S - molino
MILL RACE
(hydr). A CHANNEL that carries water to a WATER WHEEL.
- F - bief de moulin
- S - caz
MINIHYDRO
(hydr). HYDROPOWER units that produce 100-1000 KILOWATTS.
- F - minicentrales hydrauliques
- S - minihidro
MINIMUM FLOW RATE
(hydr) (meas). The least amount of water that will FLOW past a given point at any time. This measurement is used to help evaluate the HYDROPOWER potential of a site.
- F - debit minimum
- S - velocidad minime de flujo
MISCIBLE
(chem). Capable of being mixed in any proportion.
- F - miscible
- S - miscible
MIXING TANK
(biocon) (impl). A chamber in which BIOMASS is mixed with water to form SLURRY for a BIOGAS DIGESTER.
- F - reservoir de melange
- S - cuba de mezcla
MOLECULAR SIEVE
(alc). A STILL COLUMN that separates molecules by selectively ADSORPING them on the basis of size.
- F - tamis moleculaire
- S - criba por accion molecular
MONOSACCHARIDE
(alc). SUGAR derived from STARCH and CELLULOSE that can be converted to ETHANOL.
- F - monosaccharide
- S - monosacarido
MOUNTAIN AND VALLEY WINDS
(wind). A system of daily winds prevailing in calm, clear weather along the width of a valley. The winds blow uphill and upvalley by day and downhill and downvalley by night.
- F - vents des monts et des vallees
- S - vientos de las montanas y aldeas
MULTIBLADE WINDMILL
(wind). A WINDMILL that has a large number of BLADES. It generally is used to pump water.
- F - eolienne a ailes multiples
- S - molino de multiaspas
MULTIVANE WINDMILL
(wind). A WINDMILL having more than one TAIL.
- F - eolienne a empennages multiples
- S - molino de multiples puntas
N[edit | edit source]
NACELLE
(wind). The portion of a wind electric conversion machine that houses the electricity generating equipment.
- F - carter
- S - barquilla
NATURAL CONVECTION
(heat). The natural CONVECTION of heat through the FLUID in a body that occurs when warm, less dense fluid rises and cold, dense fluid sinks under the influence of gravity. (Syn: gravity convection)
- F - convection naturelle
- S - conveccion natural
NET AREA
(sol) (meas). The area of the opening of a SOLAR COLLECTOR, through which SOLAR RADIATION may pass.
- F - fenetre d'entree
- S - superficie neta
NET ENERGY CONSUMPTION
(gen) (meas). (See: ENERGY CONSUMPTION)
- F - consommation nette d'energie
- S - consumo neto de energia
NIGHT SKY RADIATION
(sol). A method of cooling through RADIANT ENERGY exchange. Relatively warm surfaces are exposed directly to the colder night sky to which they radiate the heat they collected during the day.
- F - rayonnement diffus nocturne
- S - radiacion del cielo nocturno
NIGHT SOIL
(bio). Human excreta with or without flush water, which may be used as FEEDSTOCK for a BIOGAS DIGESTER.
- F - vidanges
- S - defecaciones humanas
NOCTURNAL RADIATION
(sol). (See: NIGHT SKY RADIATION)
- F - rayonnement nocturne
- S - radiaciones nocturnas
NORIA
(hydr) (arc). A vertical WATER WHEEL that is turned by water current. Containers attached to its rim LIFT water for irrigation.
- F - noria
- S - noria
O[edit | edit source]
OCEAN THERMAL GRADIENTS
(oceans). The temperature difference between deep and surface water in the ocean. These temperature variations may be used as an ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE.
- F - gradients de temperature oceaniques
- S - termogradientes oceanicos
OCEAN THERMAL POWER
(ocean). ENERGY acquired from differences in temperatures at different depths in the ocean.
- F - energie thermique des mers
- S - termopotencia oceanica
OCEAN TIDAL POWER
(ocean). The production of electricity by harnessing ocean tidal movements through the use of adjustable-BLADE WATER TURBINES or other devices.
- F - energie maremotrice
- S - energia oceanica
OFFSHORE WINDS
(wind). Winds blowing seaward from the coast.
- F - vents de terre
- S - vientos terrales
S LAW
(elec). The law stating that for any circuit the electric current is proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance.
- F - loi d'ohm
- S - ley de ohmio
ONSHORE WINDS
(wind). Winds blowing shoreward from the sea.
- F - vents du large
- S - vientos del mar
OPERATING FLOW
(hydr) (meas). The FLOW rate needed by a HYDROPOWER device to operate at its rated LOAD level.
- F - debit nominal
- S - flujo de operacion
ORGANIC MATTER
(gen). Materials of animal or vegetable origin.
- F - matieres organiques
- S - materia organica
ORGANIC WASTE
(bio). Residues derived from living organisms. Organic wastes may be used as FEEDSTOCK for BIOGAS DIGESTERS. (See also: BIOMASS)
- F - dechets organiques
- S - desperdicios organicos
ORIENTATION
(sol). The arrangement of windows on a building or solar device along a given AXIS to face in a direction best suited to absorb SOLAR RADIATION. This is an essential element in planning PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING systems for homes and other buildings.
- F - exposition
- S - orientacion
OSMOSIS
(gen). The process by which a solvent is DIFFUSED through a semipermeable MEMBRANE into a more CONCENTRATED solution.
- F - osmose
- S - osmosis
OVERFLOW WEIR
(hydr). (See: WEIR)
- F - deversoir de trop-plein
- S - vertedero de superficie
OVERSHOT WATER WHEEL
(hydr). A WATER WHEEL powered by a HEADRACE that discharges over the outer circumference of the wheel. (Syn: overshot gravity wheel)
- F - roue en dessus
- S - rueda hidraulica de admision superior
