date-created: '2017-01-26'
date-updated: '2025-11-28'
manifest-author:
    name: Appropedia
    email: admin@appropedia.org
title: 'Open-Source Automated Mapping Four-Point Probe'
description: 'Scientists have begun using self-replicating rapid prototyper (RepRap) 3-D printers to manufacture open source digital designs of scientific equipment. This approach is refined here to develop a novel instrument capable of performing automated large-area four-point probe measurements. The designs for conversion of a RepRap 3-D printer to a 2-D open source four-point probe (OS4PP) measurement device are detailed for the mechanical and electrical systems. Free and open source software and firmware are developed to operate the tool. The OS4PP was validated against a wide range of discrete resistors and indium tin oxide (ITO) samples of different thicknesses both pre- and post-annealing.'
keywords: '3-D platform, four-point probe, conductivity, indium tin oxide, ITO, open source hardware, libre hardware, sheet resistance, transparent conducting oxide, TCO, 3d printing, 3d printer, Open source hardware, Technology, Engineering, Open source scientific hardware, osat, reprap'
project-link: 'https://www.appropedia.org/Open-Source_Automated_Mapping_Four-Point_Probe'
contact:
    name: U
    social:
        platform: Appropedia
        user-handle: U
version: 33
development-stage: D
made: false
image: 'https://www.appropedia.org/w/images/thumb/7/7a/Os4pp.png/1280px-Os4pp.png'
license:
    documentation: C
licensor:
    name: U
    affliation: C
    contact: 'https://www.appropedia.org/U'
documentation-home: 'https://www.appropedia.org/Open-Source_Automated_Mapping_Four-Point_Probe'
documentation-language: e